| Common Name : | Common dog-violet. |
| Binomial Name : | Viola riviniana |
| Family : | Violaceae |
| Photo Taken : | Ireland |
Botanical Identity
Viola riviniana, commonly known as common dog-violet, is a widespread species of wild violet belonging to the Violaceae family. It is native to Europe and parts of western Asia and is often found growing in woodlands, hedgerows, grasslands, and along shaded banks. Unlike the similarly named sweet violet, this species is scentless. The name “riviniana” honors German botanist August Bachmann, also known as Rivinus.
Plant Description
This low-growing perennial usually reaches 5 to 15 centimeters in height. Its leaves are heart-shaped with blunt tips and grow in basal rosettes. The plant spreads both by seed and via short creeping rhizomes, forming small colonies. It thrives in moist, shady conditions but can adapt to a range of soils. Viola riviniana is often one of the earliest wildflowers to appear in spring, making it an important early nectar source.
Flowers and Fruit Characteristics
The flowers of Viola riviniana are typically violet to bluish-purple, with five petals and a pale spur at the back. They bloom from March through May and sometimes again later in the year. The lower petal is marked with dark lines to guide pollinators. After pollination, the plant produces small, three-part capsules that split open to release seeds, which may be dispersed by ants attracted to their nutrient-rich coatings.
Uses and Cultural Significance
Though not widely used medicinally today, common dog-violet has traditional applications as a mild expectorant and skin remedy. More importantly, it serves as a vital larval food plant for several species of fritillary butterflies. Its delicate, early flowers also contribute to springtime woodland beauty and biodiversity. In folklore, violets are symbols of modesty and faithfulness, and this unassuming wildflower carries that quiet charm.
Photos of this Common dog-violet (Viola riviniana) were taken from the following locations:
1) April 2016: Bray, Ireland.
2) June 2023: Wicklow, Ireland.
Written by Lonely Traveler,
For blog icflora.blogspot.com
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