| Common Name : | Common milkwort. |
| Binomial Name : | Polygala vulgaris |
| Family : | Polygalaceae |
| Photo Taken : | Ireland |
Botanical Identity
Polygala vulgaris, commonly known as Common Milkwort, is a delicate wildflower belonging to the Polygalaceae family. It is native to Europe, parts of western Asia, and North Africa, and typically grows in grasslands, meadows, open woodlands, and heathlands. The genus name Polygala means "much milk" in Greek, as the plant was once believed to increase milk production in nursing mothers and livestock. This species is one of the more widespread and variable members of the genus.
Plant Description
Common Milkwort is a low-growing, herbaceous perennial, typically reaching a height of 5 to 25 cm. It has slender, erect stems with narrow, lanceolate leaves arranged alternately. The plant is well-suited to nutrient-poor, well-drained soils and prefers sunny to lightly shaded locations. It is often found in habitats with high biodiversity, coexisting with grasses and other wildflowers, and is a good indicator of undisturbed, species-rich grassland.
Flowers and Fruit Characteristics
The flowers of Polygala vulgaris are small yet striking, usually appearing in shades of blue, violet, pink, or occasionally white. Each flower has a characteristic shape with a fringed keel and two wing-like petals, giving it a resemblance to pea flowers despite not being a legume. The flowers appear in slender, upright spikes from late spring to early summer. After flowering, the plant produces small, flattened capsules containing a few seeds, often with elaiosomes to attract ants for dispersal.
Uses and Ecological Value
Historically, Common milkwort was used in folk medicine as a remedy for respiratory ailments, inflammation, and to promote lactation, though it is rarely used in modern herbalism. Its greater significance today lies in its ecological role—it supports pollinators such as bees and butterflies and contributes to the overall health and diversity of meadow ecosystems. Its small, colorful blooms add charm to wildflower gardens and make it a favorite among those practicing native plant conservation and meadow restoration.
Photos of this Common milkwort (Polygala vulgaris) were taken from the following locations:
1) June 2023: Tipperary, Ireland. It was near the Bay Lough.
Written by Lonely Traveler,
For blog icflora.blogspot.com
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